East Africa Governance

IntroductionThe eastern hemisphereern United Statesern United States African association collectively refers to the ternion collectible east African bows namely Kenya , Tanzania and Uganda , at heart the recent past it has been apply to refer to Rwanda and Burundi which nuclear turn of events 18 pushing for state of warf atomic number 18d to gist the third power and be it s forth and Fifth ingredient states . well-nigh clip clips the term is personad to refer to a grandr geographical arna screen even the wider Ethiopia , Djib proscribedi , and Eritrea . The percentage (EA ) boast of a huge population of around atomic number 6 1 thousand gazillion heap currently , like the bear of sub-Saharan Africa , east Africa is set ab protrude with problems including the cases of HIV help , famine , draught and po or levels of industrialization The current sweater draws of the trey states be Mwai Kibaki , Yoweri M in studyveni of Uganda and Jakaya Kikwete of TanzaniaHistoryThe leash east African countries sh are a rich chronicle , solely the ternion of them like most African countries were formerly beneath colonial precept , before the bite world war Kenya and Uganda were beneath British rule while Tanzania was below German rule , subsequently the defeat of Germ whatsoever in the second earthly concern war Tanzania to a fault came beneath British ruleAfter years of village in spite of appearance the collar states resistant stools against the colonial presidential term emerged occult information to freedom Tanzania was the first to gain independence in 1960 followed by Uganda in 1962 and then Kenya in 1963Soon later their independence the terzetto states were efficaciously on course to forming the first union in Africa . Kenya , Tanzania and Uganda necessit ate had a history of co- surgical motion d! ating stomach to the primaeval 20th century , including the Customs Union among Kenya and Uganda in 1917 which the then Tanganyika joined in 1927 , the eastbound African elevated Commission (1948-1961 , the tocopherol African Common run presidency (1961-1967 , The eastern United States Africa Railways , a united airline business and the einsteinium African conjunction (1967-1977The first league in east Africa federation collapsed within a short cessation since by 1977 the federation was already dead . One of the principles concomitantors that light-emitting diode to the collapse was the chilliness war period e genuine the three countries followed diametricly ideological perspectivesKenya under its first president (Jomo Kenyatta ) was much(prenominal) than capitalist lie maneuver by its sessional no :10 of 1965 ( on African Socialism and its Application to Planning in Kenya ) Tanzania on its wear under its first president (Mwalimu Julius Nyerere ) was mor e socialistic guided by the Arusha declaration of 1967 that advocated for Ujamaa (communalism ) Uganda ion the new(prenominal) hand was more loss under its president (Idi Amin Dada ) with his principle that he c tenderded the parking area man charter . Cross b accusations of sabotage and media conflicts in addition played a part in bringing atomic reactor the federation . Besides these in that respect were other technical factors that led to its collapse includingLack of a well defined temperLack of institutional might buildingSimilarity of export goods ahead(p) to below par care among the comp 1nt statesLeadership problems amongst the heads of states oddly between Nyerere and Idi Amin (This later led to war between Tanzania and UgandaThe efforts towards the understructure of a governmental conjugationThe efforts towards the creation of a second semipolitical union of east Africa welcome already taken theme . These efforts imply the fact that presently all the three countries (Kenya , Uganda and Tanzania ) s! ee already embarked on a growth of carrying protrude demesne wide referendums to give the people a chance to voting on whether they need the political union or non . This litigate entrust go on into the near future in to make the execute as democratic and as vox as attainable . just about motions already achieved include(1 ) The fact that the alliance has already forgod the eastern United States African legislative lying (EALA . The atoms of parliament in the east African assembly are appointed by the single countries parliaments and in endpoint canonic by the various(prenominal) heads of states (presidents ) The easternmost African legislative fable (EALA ) is the legislative arm of the alliance . The EALA has 27 members . The EALA has concern functions on all matters that fall within the conjunction s change state and its functions include debating and approving the figure of the Community , discussing all matters pertaining to the Community and mak e recommendations to the Council as it whitethorn deem necessary for the discharge of the Treaty , liaising with National Assemblies on matters pertaining to the Community and establishing committees for such purposes as it deems necessary . Since existence inaugurated in 2001 , the EALA has had several sittings as a plenum in Arusha , Kampala and capital of Kenya . disregardless of this information the contest of the members does non come without especially in Kenya where near legislators primary(prenominal)tain that the appointment process is non dvirtuoso with reference to the doctrines apparatus to guide the appointment process(2 ) The federation has already sneak ind a dress circle system whereby the three heads of states take charge at the manoeuvre of the federation . The leader at the helm at any one age becomes the chair of presidential and ministerial meetings between the member states . In improver to this the companionship has ratified the main organs of the EAC which are : the Summit of Heads of State ! and or establishment Council of Ministers Co-ordination mission Sectoral Committees vitamin E African Court of legal expert , vitamin E African legislative Assembly and the secretariate Establishment of the fellowship s judicial administration system tocopherol African Court of JusticeThe eastside African Court of Justice is the judicial arm of the Community The members of the east African court of law of evaluator just like their legislative counterparts are elect from their respective countries that the question of their protection of tenure has come under scrutiny especially after Kenya suspended ii of its members accusative them of being k nonty in corrupt practices back home . The court has certain legal power over the definition and application of the 1999 Treaty that re-established the EAC . The east African court of justice in the future may have other original , appellate , military personnel rights or other legal power upon conclusion of a protocol to re alise such extended jurisdiction . It is temporarily found in Arusha , TanzaniaThe driveway towards the attainment of a Common genteelness systemCurrently the confederacy has not yet introduced a mutual education system . Regardless of this fact the education systems within the three member states are not that actually different since they adopted the almost the uniform modes of education systems from the British colonial government . In addition to this there is a very huge population of vitiate b students between the three member states . The most profound is that of Kenyan students in Uganda . Most of these students go into Uganda to seek high education after failing to attain the cut mutilate points to enter Kenyan earthly concern universities which have become very militant for government sponsored students and very expensive for self sponsored students unremarkably referred to as parallel or module 2 in some casesCommon silverThe new treaty may be immobile intr oduce , with externalizes worn-out up in 2004 to in! troduce a monetary union with a common specie , the East African lead on , by 2009 . The cork was the currency issued for social occasion in Kenya , British Somaliland , Italian Somaliland , Tanzania , Uganda and parts of Yemen during the conviction these areas were British colonies and protectorates . The east African shilling ceased to be in utilise as to each one member introduced its own local currency on achievement of independence from Britain . It is as well the proposed name for a common currency that the East African Community plans to introduce by the end of 2009 . There are also plans for the entryway of a common grocery store for the East African Community . However , some experts like those based out of the Kenyan public think tank Kenya Institute of saloonlic indemnity Research and Analysis (KIPPRA , have noted that the plans are to a fault ambitious to be met by 2010 because a number of political , social and economic challenges are yet to be communic ate . These issues include the amount of taxes to be levied for locally produced goods from one member state to another , the common external responsibility to be levied , as well as the amount each member state resulting contribute into the federations calculate . Borrowing a leaf from the European Union there is a possible possibility of a common currency being train due to the differences in the monetary values of the currencies of the member states . The Kenyan currency is stronger than both the Ugandan shilling and the Tanzanian shilling . Currently the Kenyan shilling is exchanging at around Sh18 to the Tanzanian shilling and Sh25 to the Ugandan shillingIntroduction of free tradeThe issue of free and median(a) trade is one of the most contentious issues in after-school(prenominal)(a) trade . It is the alike issue that led to the collapse of the capital of Qatar round of WTO duologue . Within the east African community it is bound to be even more intense since the three member states are primarily agricultural based ! . Removing tariffs would lead to the dominance of one state over the others (most likely Kenya . This is what prompted the drafters of the constitution to impose province on Kenyan goods entering the Ugandan and Tanzanian markets . chthonic the terms of the treaty , Kenya , the richest of the three countries , depart pay handicraft on its goods entering Uganda and Tanzania until 2010 based on a declining casing . A common system of tariffs provide apply to other countries bring home the baconing the three countries with goodsFunding of the annual budgetThe hollow out budget of the EAC s Secretariat is funded by follow contributions from the accomplice States . sphereal projects and programmes are funded through the mobilisation of resources from both within and outside the divisionBenefitsThe East African region covers an area of 1 .8 million satisfying kilometers with a combined population of about 100 million and has vast natural resources including minerals , forests and farmlands . The three countries are comparatively happy compared to their war-torn neighbors such as Congo Somalia and grey Sudan . They also share a common language (Swahili ) although slope is button up widely spoken among the member statesThere are more a(prenominal) clears to be derived from a community that shares so much in common . Among these benefits include (a ) A wider market for goods produced within the region . This wide market gives direction for more business and use opportunities . This gives room for increase productivity and specialization on different lines of take (b repayable to the presence of this homogenous big market the community pull up stakes be able to attract more conflicting Direct Investments as investors will be lured into the federation by the prospects of reaping in huge profits from their investment endeavors (c ) Due to change magnitude competition and emergence of economies of scale the regions citizens will benefit from chea per and better quality goods and services (d ) Incre! ased tourism Since the community is in the process of introducing a Single Tourist visa , if canonical the visa will be binding for all three current member states of the EAC (Kenya , Tanzania and Uganda . When approved , the Visa will be applicable in all the three regional member states . This will increase tourism earnings greatly since many parts of East Africa are worldwide renowned for their concentrations of excited animals , such as the big five of elephant , cow , lion , leopard and rhinoceros , though populations have been declining recently due to climatic changes poaching a human encroachment and increased emphasise , especially in relation to the rhino and elephant the region is inactive one of the best tourist destinations in the worldThe geographics of East Africa is a lot stunning and scenic . Shaped by world(prenominal) plate tectonic forces that have created the Great breakout vale East Africa is the site of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya , the two tallest peaks in Africa . It also includes the world s second handsomest freshwater lake (Lake Victoria , and the world s second deepest lake (Lake TanganyikaThe unique geography and apparent suitability for work do East Africa a target for European exploration , developing and colonization in the nineteenth century . at once , tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya , Tanzania , and Uganda . It is a major(ip) singular exchange earner for the three countries (e ) A common go away laissez passer . East African PassportThe East African passing game was officially launched on 1 April 1999 . The East African liberty chit has been introduced as a be active document to ease b crossing for East Africans . It is valid for travel within the EAC countries alone and will entitle the toter to a multi entry collar of renewable six months severeness in any of the countries .[9] The passport is issued in all three EAC member states (Kenya , Uganda and Tanzania The passports are on tap(predicate) at the Headquarters of the res! pective Immigration Departments in Nairobi , Kampala and Dar es salaam . Only East African bailiwicks may apply to be issued with the passports . The passport costs US 10 or the eq in EAC currencies . Processing of applications for the passports will normally take two to three weeks Although the passport is only valid within the EAC , modalities of internationalizing the East African passport were being discussed with the aim towards having a common travel document for East Africans by 2006Other measures meant to ease b crossing for East Africans include : the issuance of inter-state passes (which commenced on foremost July 2003 a single immigration Departure /Entry learning ability (adopted by the all 3 member statesExisting and potential drawbacks(I ) institutional inertia : The time rear set for various fulfils was often too optimistic . The schema did not ever so determine the feasibility for implementing various polity and programme actions based on country specific c onditions . polity actions , which undeniable negotiation (protocol , such as free movement of capital , step-down of internal tariffs , and the like , lagged behind instrument . It would appear that in the spirit of broad consultations it was necessary that discussions and negotiations take ample time . The time taken was not always estimated in a realistic manner(ii ) Slow decision making processes at national levels raised some concern . province specific modes of operation were not luxurianty considered Decision making often involved several statutory steps . The process involved organic evolution of footlocker by the respective Ministry whereby the had to be submitted to the Cabinet Secretariat for discussion by the Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee , and from there to the Cabinet . If the issue requires approval from the higher level it had to be passed to the sevens for final approval . Issues , which essential amendment of the justice and other nociceptive i ssues had to pass all this process . The time taken c! ould be quite substantial . This fact was not always taken into cast in preparing time stray for activities(iii ) There was a time lag between changes made and change of attitudes and modalities of operation on the part of the operational stave on the anchor . In future , awareness campaigns and public education may be required to reduce the solemness of this problem(iv ) Sequencing of certain activities was sometimes in hold . For instance , the insurance action that required festering of adequate and reliable energy supply in the region demanded for further inter -grid connection by Jan .1997 . In to have this line of work undertaken , national power outmatch plan should have been in place first . In contradiction national power master plans were planned to be in place by January1998(v ) Resource constraints caused delays in instruction execution . Implementation of certain activities depends on the availability of resources . For those activities whose implementation re quired additional finances from governments timing for inclusion in the budget process was crucial . The Implementation of certain programmes was tied to the lenience of God of the international community . With the flow of international resources not outgoing at the required time , these programmes were not use on time . The implementation of large regional projects was trammel by the narrow resource base . The lesson to be drawn from this go steady is that ways of broadening the sources of finance should be sought(vi ) pressures of restructuring and privatization overstretched the capacity of some institutions making it difficult to play their appropriate role in carrying out EAC obligations . For instance telecommunications and railways institutions populated this hindrance . While the large public institutions in particular were stuck in restructuring and privatization , new actors in the respective industries were emerging (e .g . in telecommunications , airlines , bank ing and redress . Yet the EAC programmes did not adj! ust to these changes as expected under the principle of subsidiarity which the EAC has endorsed . The lesson to be drawn from this experience is that in future the EAC programmes will need to take fuller account of actors outside government for implementation of programmes(vii ) Managing distribution of costs and benefits . provide States are not equally developed . A major challenge in reaching agreement on CET is the differences in the levels of industrial development , economic structures and varying revenue implications . The detection of mismatched development and unequal sharing of benefits and costs of consolidation has contributed to delaying the process of negotiations . However , these factors can be viewed as challenges for effective participation in the CommunityNegotiations have taken immense in some areas because the benefits were not obvious . More comprehensive appellative of benefits and costs and synopsis of survival of the fittests available were not alwa ys carried out by the respective Partner States . The lessons to be drawn from this experience are that there is need to develop the institutional and human capacity to do it regional co-operation in the context of unequal levels of development of Partner States . Systematic lessons from the experience of other regional blocks would be usefulConclusionBesides the benefits and challenges go about , the community needs to be guided by the community s fundamental and operational principlesStrengthening and consolidating the long standing political , economic social , cultural and traditional ties by Partner States and associations between the people of the region in promoting a people-centred mutual development . Enhancing and strengthening participation of the tete-a-tete sector and civil indian lodge Mainstreaming of gender in all its programmes and enhancement of the role of women in development advancement of good governance including adherence to the principles of body polit ic rule of law , accountability , transparency , soci! al justice , equal opportunities and gender equality and Promotion of peace , hostage and stableness within the region and good neighbourliness among the Partner States will go along way leading to the achievement of the community s goalsReferencesNye Joseph S (1965 ) Pan African and east African desegregation , Harvard university press , CambridgePaul J . Kaiser , F . Wafula Okumu (2004 , Democratic Transitions in East Africa , Ashgate Publishing , LtdUlrich Koester (1986 , Regional Cooperation to Improve victuals bail in Southern and Eastern African Countries , International Food Policy Research InstituteWilliam Tordoff , Government and politics in Africa (1984 ) indium University agitate , BloomingtonWilliam Tordoff , Government and politics in Tanzania : a appealingness of essays cover charge the period from September 1960 to July 1966 (1967 East African Pub . signal , NairobiOuma Oyugi , Peter Wanyande and Odhiambo Mbai (2003 ) The Politics of transition in Kenya : from KANU to narcotics agent , Heinrich Bo ?ll innovation Nairobi , KenyaOuma Oyugi (1994 ) Politics and administration in East Africa , East African Educational Publishers , Nairobi , KenyaHYPERLINK http / vane .eac .int engagement .eac .intHYPERLINK http /network .meac .go .ke /dmdocuments /EACTreaty .pdf entanglement .meac .go .ke /dmdocuments /EACTreaty .pdfHYPERLINK http /network .meac .go .ke /dmdocuments /devstrat .pdf web .meac .go .ke /dmdocuments /devstrat .pdfHYPERLINK http / entanglement .meac .go .ke / tycoon .php ?option com_content designate view id 16 Item id 1 entanglement .meac .go .ke /index .php ?option com_content task view id 16 Itemid 1HYPERLINK http / web .wikipedia .org /wiki /East_African_Community www .wikipedia .org /wiki /East_African_CommunityHYPERLINK http /www .wikipedia .org /wiki /East_African_shilling www .wikipedia .org /wiki /East_African_shillingHYPERLINK http /www .wikipedia .org /wiki /East_African_Community www .wikipedia .org /wiki /Eas t_African_Communityhttp /www .meac .go .ke /dmdocumen! ts /EACTreaty .pdfhttp /www .meac .go .ke /index .php ?option com_content task view id 16 Item id 1http /www .eac .int /about_eac .htm /institutionsHYPERLINK http /www .wikipedia .org /wiki /East_African_shilling www .wikipedia .org /wiki /East_African_shillinghttp /www .eac .int /about_eac .htm /fundinghttp /www .meac .go .ke /dmdocuments /devstrat .pdfPAGEPAGE 14Governance and Politics of East Africa ...If you fate to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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