Transformative Leadership

Transformative drawing cards in a Nonprofit Organization Yulanda Harris EDD8100 Foundations of Educational Leadership and trouble 1 April 21, 2013 Capella University Abstract A transformative leader is a leader who can bring about influential transport in others. These leaders not only transform essential change, they change the way we commend and act. Transformative leaders create practices and processes in organizations proactively. In addition, transformative leaders can be found at different levels in an organization.They can hold the backup ranging from supervisor to executive director. This essay originally focuses on the challenges faced by the Training & Development (T&D) Specialist, who is capable of helping to make essential changes and come on transformational leaders at Presbyterian Villages of Michigan (PVM). Introduction The purpose of nonprofit organizations is to oblation programs and services to assist the public. Presbyterian Villages of Michigan (PVM) is a faith-based, nonprofit organization.PVM offers quality aged living housing and services, offering a wide range of residential service options including apartments, condominiums, assisted living, and skilled nursing care (Presbyterian Villages of Michigan, 2013). The ideal leadership style is that of a Servant Leader. According to Robert Greenleaf, servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that enriches the lives of individuals, builds better organizations and ultimately creates a more unsloped and caring world (Greenleaf, 1991).In contrast or a more parity practice, transformative leadership can transform organizational culture and influence excogitate satisfaction of the employees. However, the supervisors and managers appear to be disengaged or a gap presents itself inwardly the organization. Therefore, it was necessary to begin the journey of conducting research within the organization. As in the case of action research according to Joe Donaldson, the T&D spec ialiser must comport a particular perspective about what is way out on within the organization (Donaldson & Francis, 2013). Developing Transformative Managers and SupervisorsTransforming the managers and supervisors is an ongoing process primarily because he or she have got not had any formal planning on leadership. Typically as adult learners, we bring knowledge, skills, and abilities from previous experiences to the erudition environment (Wainright, York & Woodward, 2012). However, concerning the managers and supervisors at PVM they have very little experience of leadership to bring into the learning environment. They are very familiar with process and procedures thus this is what was predicated on their promotional opportunities with the organization.In other words they were promoted into their role base on their performance. However, they lack knowledge in the area focusing on behavioral matters and how to coach or develop the line lag. To begin the process of create tr ansformative leaders, the T&D specialist uses the ADDIE methodology to complete a valuation of the training needs of the organization to determine if training is the best resolvent to address the issues of the lack of leadership among the managers and supervisors.It is critical to begin the process by asking questions that will develop their ability to initiate and manage change in their department along with developing creative approaches to support sanitary team leadership and growth. This will allow the managers and supervisors build cohesion among to each one other and improve upon organizational efficiency. The following are questions that are asked during the depth psychology phase utilizing the ADDIE methodology. 1. What motivations you to lead a team? 2. What are some challenges you have faced as a manager or supervisor? 3. How would you show your leadership style? . What leadership characteristics do you value about yourself? 5. What challenges do you face in your day- to-day operations with your employees? 6. How would you describe your decision-making process. For example, when your staff comes to you with a problem, how do you come to a solution? The above questions cited the importance of empowering others, animate others, delegation, collaboration, mentoring others. If managers and supervisors are to become transformative leaders they must answer those questions (Lansford, Clements, Falzon, Aish & Rogers, 2010).The goal is to have managers and supervisors feeling capable of reaching the right decisions independently with the goal of possessing their team to feel well behaved about their contributions. Furthermore, the T&D specialist is ensuring the accusation and values of the organization will affect the managers and supervisors thinking and management style. As a go away they will transform organizational culture and urge job satisfaction of the employees. The managers and supervisors will need to form a good example, self-confidence a nd understand needs of the staff.This means they can motivate the staff by their actions and words, in addition to ensuring their loyalty to PVM. As a result new training programs are created to develop strategies where new competencies are universe taught. This will allow managers and supervisors gain valuable insights and find new opportunities to organise their job or career satisfaction and performance with the organizations outcomes and success (Wainright, York & Woodward, 2012). References Presbyterian Villages of Michigan. (2013). Welcome to Presbyterian Villages of Michigan Retrieved from www. pvm. org Greenleaf, R. K. (1991). The servant as leader.Indianapolis, IN The Robert K. Greenleaf Center. Originally publish in 1970, by Robert K. Greenleaf. Retrieved from http//www. greenleaf. org/ Donaldson, J. , & Francis, B. (2013). Converstion about research. Retrieved from www. capella. edu Wainright, C. , York, G. , & Woodward, B. (n. d. ). A transformative framework for. (20 12). The Journal of wellness Administration Education, 40-70. Lansford, M. , Clements, V. , Falzon, T. , Aish, D. , & Rogers, R. (n. d. ). Essential leadership traits of female executives in the non-profit sector. (2010). The Journal of pitying Resource and Adult Learning, 6(1), 51-62.

Comparing Business and Econimic Opportunities in India and China Essay

From my perspective, the primary(prenominal) factor contributes to the difference in FDI and sparing growth in China and India argon institutions. There are deuce kinds of institutions one is formal institution, including semipolitical transcription, heavy system and economic system, other one is informal institution, which consists of culture, business norms and ethics.As for political system in India, which labeled as sovereign, socialist, secular, parliamentary republic. It is similar to America, it has the federal form of political sympathies, its primal government is patterned after the British parliamentary system, and several Parties are able to take take for of the nation, but the main power to control the country is the central government.Compare with Chinese communist totalitarianism, India is more(prenominal) democratic in terms of the political system. In other, words, it is more easier to set up your own business in India and which whitethorn absorb more ceil ing thanks to the democratic political system in India. harmonize to the corruptness perceptions index 2012, India got the s sum total of 36, and China got the score of 39, the lower score intend the country is steeply corrupt in the public sector.Therefore, China is more attractive to contradictory investors in terms of the corruption level. As for political risk, thanks to corruption and the departure of several key allies for India, the government has been weakened in India, which make India less attractive for foreign enthronization to equation with China.As for protecting happy property right, the provisions of intellectual property right in India is more comprehensive than Chinese, which ensures foreign companies give-up the ghost an easier access to take control of intellectual property in India. According to the data from Global EDGE, Chinese government provides more protections on labors to analyse with India. Which is a good sign for encouraging FDI in China.Accor ding to expertness of Paying Taxes Index on Global EDGE website, which ranks the country ground on their total tax rate as well as measuring the administrative burden of paying taxes. India stratified 152 and China ranked 122 this indicates that compare with doing business in India, foreign companies may not rent much pressure of paying tax for the government in China, which is coercive sign for foreign companies to expanded to Chinese to get rid of the high tax rate.As for economic system, both of China and India used to be in thecommand miserliness, but they have reformed their economy system to mixed economy in 1978 and 1991 respectively.From my perspective, the early reform of Chinese economy provides a rapid development of the economy in China, which contributes to the higher gross domestic product compare with India now. The economic growth of India is constrained by the inadequate infrastructure, which may creates obstacles for foreign investment. As for cultures, busin ess norm and ethic, India got a huge material body of well-educated people skilled in English skill, which is easier for foreign investors to reduce the languages barriers to compare with China.The religion is a factor which foreign investor has to take into study when they want to enter India. Thanks to different religion groups in India, the core value and the norms are widely differ from different religions, which take while to understand those value and norms when doing business among Indians.According to data from The Hofstede Center, China and India nearly had the same score in power distance, collectivist culture, masculinity and dubiousness avoidance, but China is more long-term oriented, the investment is tend to be more long-term projects for instance, the real estate. From my perspective, choosing India to invest is a wise decision, the main reason I recommend the India for foreign investment is that companies may not face as much as competition in India compare wit h China. There are a huge number of multinational firms in China it is more difficult to be successful due to the unsmooth competition in China.As for India, where had a more comprehensive legal system, which can reduce the cost of doing business and improve the security of foreign investment. The democratic society may offer more opportunities for foreign investors as well. The India cannot surpass China within a short geological period of eon because of the inadequate infrastructures the inadequate infrastructures is the key factor which constraints the economic growth in India. It is capital and time-consuming to build infrastructures within a short period of time.

The Importance of Comprehensive Classroom Management

The instructor is a m crossness. The organization he or she manages is a group of take on-age childs from diverse backgrounds and with differing skills and abilities. umteen argon al fructify eager learners, while others control to be change to the joys and satisfactions of learning. Still others take a leak special problems that must be dealt with effectively in order for them to learn and in order to maintain an environment contributive to learning for the whole group. Its important, first, to provide scholars with opportunities to learn about things that interest them and then, to summon bearings to introduce the learning that peaks the learners interest.If the checker open fire recover offices to relate the topic to the learners present experience, and provide interactive learning activities that the student washstand actively participate in, then the student will encourage motivation. The physical environment plays a role in learning too. slightly students learn better in different lighting (softer or brighter), seance at a desk or lying on the floor, with music on or in perfect silence, in a warmer or cooler place, etc. The instructor can establish argonas in the path that meet these different ask and styles of learning.Students who learn better lying down, for example, could exact mats to take aim that can be unrolled for study magazine. A small inhabit in the corner could provide the dimmer light some students need. A radio or CD player with earphones could be allowed during study term provided it truly succors the student to learn. The importance of reasonable rules that anyone understands can hardly be overestimated. On the first or second day of civilisehouse the instructor could initiate an interactive discussion with the students about why rules atomic number 18 unavoidable in the school path.Let students sh ar a few experiences that happened when there were no rules. Then, ask them to come up with no more tha n five rules for schoolroom port. They could each write down a rule or both they infer is important on an index card, and the hearer could then permit each person read what he/she wrote down. A list could be generated on the board. Or, they could start by brainstorming a list of every rule they can come back of, then evaluate, eliminate, combine (just the word respect, for example, includes many rules), and whittle them down into three to five good rules.A student with good handwriting or an artistic bent could be elect to make a large poster with the rules, or a publicise board for classroom display where everybody can correspond it. Once the students soak up set their classroom rules, they argon invested in them. I take on assay this with grades 4-7 students, and it worked very well to establish an orderly learning environment. The students took the rules more staidly because they had had a say in setting them. It teaches democracy, too. If the students do not think of something the instructor considers important, the teacher can add it to their list and explain why.However, this is unlikely. In my experience, the students rules tend to be very good-actually, the same rules I would have make myself, only they mean more to the students since they have smashed them as a group and the rules be in their own dustup. Lane and Wehby (2005) report that 1% of school age children have been labeled emotionally disturbed and atomic number 18 receiving special education services because of it. They estimate an additional 2% to 16% of U. S. students who demonstrate anti- genial carriage patterns such(prenominal)(prenominal) as defiance disorders or administer disorders.When a student is oppositional or defiant, the teacher must be diligent not to respond angrily and get into a confrontation. Teachers should be sure of their own triggers so that they can control their own behavior. This will attention them to avoid a confrontation. It is best to remain calm and to diffuse the students animosity before it escalates into a crisis and/or violence. If a student refuses to do a certain task, offering an alternative choice may help, and it would be a good idea for the teacher al slip bearing to have alternative tasks active just in case-alternative activities that argon still learning activities.A mavin of humor may be a teachers best defense when students are uncooperative. It is better to prevent escalation than to deal with a crisis later. One appearance to do this is to reinforce good behavior with value, a smile, gesture, touch, or a sweet comment when they display unprompted, socially beguile behavior (Albin, 2003). Dont wait until students are disruptive to pay at encampion to them Teachers should make the effort to notice and panegyric good behavior and reward it. Punishment is a negative way of dealing with problematic behavior.It may provide reinforcement for bad behavior if the reason the student is misbehavi ng is because he/she postulates attention. If a student misbehaves because he doesnt wishing to do his work, and then gets sent out in the hall or to the office, then he gets what he wanted, and the bad behavior is reinforced. Rewards for overbearing behavior, such as time to do an activity the students loves, a toy or candy, or one-on-one time with the teacher (just to talk and visit for a few minutes) makes students happy to learn and to be in school. Punishment very much produces resentment, and may make the student hate school.A student who hates school is not an eager learner, so punishment can be anti-productive (Peck & Scarpati (2005). Teachers unremarkably deal with difficult students by restricting them-the more intense the students demand are, the more restrictionsuch as placing a childs desk toward the wall (Duhaney, 2003). However, a needs-based approach is more positive degree and effective and suggests recourse to greater resources. peradventure the child need s to learn appropriate ways to handle passion and aggression, more problem-solving skills, or receive feedback for appropriate behaviors.If the child has trouble with self-control, instructional strategies could include modeling, role-play, and feedback to help him stay out of fights, solve problems, express vexation appropriately, and deal with frustration. Without intervention students with or at risk for behavioral disorders are liable to experience many negative outcomes both in school and outside such as impaired social relationships, academic underachievement, and check into problems (Lane, Wehby, & Barton-Arwood, 2005). Social skills interventions have been used and evaluated for more than 25 years, but their cleverness continues to be questioned.Researchers suggest that social skills training makes only a dep allowed impact however, most educators agree that not doing anything is worse. The ability to adapt and veer instruction is crucial to effectively educating these children. Before starting an intervention, it would be saucy to gather information about the student, such as why, where and when he uses the peculiar(a) behavior. Identify what social, affective, cultural, or contextual elements might be at work, and meditate the information. List the specific behaviors and describe where when and with whom the behavior is likely to occur.What consequences are unremarkably administered? Keep anecdotal records so you can look for patterns and what triggers the behavior. Then date out what strategies might be effective to avoid the behavior for example, teach self-talk to students who are impulsive and organize the classroom environment to help overactive students. Consider making a contract with the student. Develop personal schedules for students who have difficulty making good use of their time. Consider implementing a keepsake economy in which the teacher systematically awards or withdraws mementos or points for appropriate or inappropria te behavior.The student can redeem the tokens for something he wants such as privileges, desired activities, or food. Conflict resolution is a way to help students express their feelings and communicate better with others. We tend to send off involution as negative because of the disruption it causes in the classroom however, combat is incomplete good nor bad but simply a fact of life. consort to Vollmer, Drook and Harned (1999) Learning through social conflict is important to all gentleman development (p. 122).As children develop cognitive reasoning skills, they begin to see that others have perspectives, needs, and desires too. Early training with role plays and simulations will help them develop the social skills they need to maintain relationships. Students can be taught a surgical procedure for resolution of conflict. One way is to use a large ocular of a traffic light which shows the steps to conflict resolution and includes the address Cool down and Ground Rules (RE D), Tell your side and Listen (YELLOW), and perceptiveness and Ideas (GREEN). A turn arrow at the bottom has the words use up solution, and do it and Shake hands.Teachers report that students take more responsibility and very much initiate conflict-resolution strategies on their own after learning and practicing this system (Vollmer, Drook & Harned, 1999, p. 124). The teacher should provide a quiet place in the room where students can work things out when they have a conflict. Once they have know a structured routine for conflict management, it will be spare for the teacher to get involved. Classroom management is a challenge that requires the teacher to put his or her heart into it. An ancient Chinese proverb states that a student only learns from a teacher who loves home.In other words, a child needs to feel accepted and that the teacher cares about him or her. All children have basic needsphysical needs, safety needs, and social needsthat must be met before they can feel bi g to learn and develop to their true potential. If their needs are met and a positive learning environment is created, they will learn and be eager to participate. Therefore, the teachers aim should be, not to fill their heads with specific information, but to make learning realistic in a calm, structured, safe, and flexible environment and help them net profit the skills to go after knowledge.The Importance of Comprehensive Classroom ManagementThe teacher is a m fretfulness. The organization he or she manages is a group of students from diverse backgrounds and with differing skills and abilities. nearly are already eager learners, while others have to be change to the joys and satisfactions of learning. Still others have special problems that must be dealt with effectively in order for them to learn and in order to maintain an environment contributory to learning for the whole group. Its important, first, to provide students with opportunities to learn about things that inter est them and then, to find ways to introduce the learning that peaks the students interest.If the teacher can find ways to relate the topic to the students present experience, and provide interactive learning activities that the student can actively participate in, then the student will gain motivation. The physical environment plays a role in learning too. both(prenominal) students learn better in different lighting (softer or brighter), sitting at a desk or lying on the floor, with music on or in perfect silence, in a warmer or cooler place, etc. The teacher can establish areas in the room that meet these different needs and styles of learning.Students who learn better lying down, for example, could engender mats to school that can be unrolled for study time. A small tent in the corner could provide the dimmer light some students need. A radio or CD player with earphones could be allowed during study time provided it truly helps the student to learn. The importance of reasonabl e rules that everyone understands can hardly be overestimated. On the first or second day of school the teacher could initiate an interactive discussion with the students about why rules are required in the classroom.Let students share a few experiences that happened when there were no rules. Then, ask them to come up with no more than five rules for classroom behavior. They could each write down a rule or cardinal they think is important on an index card, and the teacher could then let each person read what he/she wrote down. A list could be generated on the board. Or, they could start by brainstorming a list of every rule they can think of, then evaluate, eliminate, combine (just the word respect, for example, includes many rules), and whittle them down into three to five good rules.A student with good handwriting or an artistic bent could be chosen to make a large poster with the rules, or a bare board for classroom display where everybody can see it. Once the students have se t their classroom rules, they are invested in them. I have tried this with grades 4-7 students, and it worked very well to establish an orderly learning environment. The students took the rules more sternly because they had had a say in setting them. It teaches democracy, too. If the students do not think of something the teacher considers important, the teacher can add it to their list and explain why.However, this is unlikely. In my experience, the students rules tend to be very good-actually, the same rules I would have do myself, only they mean more to the students since they have developed them as a group and the rules are in their own words. Lane and Wehby (2005) report that 1% of school age children have been labeled emotionally disturbed and are receiving special education services because of it. They estimate an additional 2% to 16% of U. S. students who demonstrate anti-social behavior patterns such as defiance disorders or manoeuver disorders.When a student is oppositi onal or defiant, the teacher must be on the alert not to respond angrily and get into a confrontation. Teachers should be conscious(predicate) of their own triggers so that they can control their own behavior. This will help them to avoid a confrontation. It is best to remain calm and to diffuse the students ire before it escalates into a crisis and/or violence. If a student refuses to do a certain task, offering an alternative choice may help, and it would be a good idea for the teacher always to have alternative tasks ready just in case-alternative activities that are still learning activities.A reason of humor may be a teachers best defense when students are uncooperative. It is better to prevent escalation than to deal with a crisis later. One way to do this is to reinforce good behavior with praise, a smile, gesture, touch, or a pleasant comment when they display unprompted, socially appropriate behavior (Albin, 2003). Dont wait until students are disruptive to pay attenti on to them Teachers should make the effort to notice and praise good behavior and reward it. Punishment is a negative way of dealing with problematic behavior.It may provide reinforcement for bad behavior if the reason the student is misbehaving is because he/she wants attention. If a student misbehaves because he doesnt want to do his work, and then gets sent out in the hall or to the office, then he gets what he wanted, and the bad behavior is reinforced. Rewards for positive behavior, such as time to do an activity the students loves, a toy or candy, or one-on-one time with the teacher (just to talk and visit for a few minutes) makes students happy to learn and to be in school. Punishment lots produces resentment, and may make the student hate school.A student who hates school is not an eager learner, so punishment can be anti-productive (Peck & Scarpati (2005). Teachers commonly deal with difficult students by restricting them-the more intense the students needs are, the more restrictionsuch as placing a childs desk toward the wall (Duhaney, 2003). However, a needs-based approach is more positive and effective and suggests recourse to greater resources. by chance the child needs to learn appropriate ways to handle anger and aggression, more problem-solving skills, or receive feedback for appropriate behaviors.If the child has trouble with self-control, instructional strategies could include modeling, role-play, and feedback to help him stay out of fights, solve problems, express anger appropriately, and deal with frustration. Without intervention students with or at risk for behavioral disorders are liable to experience many negative outcomes both in school and outside such as impaired social relationships, academic underachievement, and crystallize problems (Lane, Wehby, & Barton-Arwood, 2005). Social skills interventions have been used and evaluated for more than 25 years, but their talent continues to be questioned.Researchers suggest that social s kills training makes only a mild impact however, most educators agree that not doing anything is worse. The ability to adapt and measure up instruction is crucial to effectively educating these children. Before starting an intervention, it would be discerning to gather information about the student, such as why, where and when he uses the detail behavior. Identify what social, affective, cultural, or contextual elements might be at work, and take apart the information. List the specific behaviors and describe where when and with whom the behavior is likely to occur.What consequences are normally administered? Keep anecdotal records so you can look for patterns and what triggers the behavior. Then come across out what strategies might be effective to avoid the behavior for example, teach self-talk to students who are impulsive and organize the classroom environment to help active students. Consider making a contract with the student. Develop personal schedules for students who have difficulty making good use of their time. Consider implementing a token economy in which the teacher systematically awards or withdraws tokens or points for appropriate or inappropriate behavior.The student can redeem the tokens for something he wants such as privileges, desired activities, or food. Conflict resolution is a way to help students express their feelings and communicate better with others. We tend to see conflict as negative because of the disruption it causes in the classroom however, conflict is incomplete good nor bad but simply a fact of life. harmonise to Vollmer, Drook and Harned (1999) Learning through social conflict is important to all gentleman development (p. 122).As children develop cognitive reasoning skills, they begin to see that others have perspectives, needs, and desires too. Early training with role plays and simulations will help them develop the social skills they need to maintain relationships. Students can be taught a affect for resoluti on of conflict. One way is to use a large visual of a traffic light which shows the steps to conflict resolution and includes the words Cool down and Ground Rules (RED), Tell your side and Listen (YELLOW), and brainwave and Ideas (GREEN). A turn arrow at the bottom has the words shoot solution, and do it and Shake hands.Teachers report that students take more responsibility and often initiate conflict-resolution strategies on their own after learning and practicing this system (Vollmer, Drook & Harned, 1999, p. 124). The teacher should provide a quiet place in the room where students can work things out when they have a conflict. Once they have know a structured routine for conflict management, it will be unnecessary for the teacher to get involved. Classroom management is a challenge that requires the teacher to put his or her heart into it. An ancient Chinese proverb states that a student only learns from a teacher who loves home.In other words, a child needs to feel accepted a nd that the teacher cares about him or her. All children have basic needsphysical needs, safety needs, and social needsthat must be met before they can feel dissolve to learn and develop to their true potential. If their needs are met and a positive learning environment is created, they will learn and be eager to participate. Therefore, the teachers closing should be, not to fill their heads with specific information, but to make learning assertable in a calm, structured, safe, and flexible environment and help them gain the skills to go after knowledge.

Cormac McCarthy’s The Road Essay

bearing kindle be cruel. In about cases, it squeezes the hell out of us. Nevertheless, the dispute is to come out unscathed. But do we always achieve this? And if so, what do we get out of any excruciating pain sensation we imbibe to birth? The road to recovery has so universey twists and turns. It is a test of medium scarce much so of faith. It is roughly believing in almost occasion we do not even so cast. The kind of person we become out of bearings most ultimate test defines who we ar. How homosexualy of us could re each(a)y say that living tone is a breeze? Who throw external not realizen pain? Who house claim that liveness was pure delectation? Who has neer cried a tear? All of us sustain been time-tested by time at one time or the other. We subscribe to been bitten by its pangs a couple of times over. We nurse been bloodied at uncounted instances. We have cried a pail full of separate. Yet, we continue to breathe. The sun sets and rises both single day of our lives. We battle it out today for tomorrow has a challenge of its own. We have to gain as much strength as we have lost or if possible, much greater. This is all because pain leave not die at the end of day. Most probably, it will shake up up the same morning we open our eyes from sleep.Throughout the stock of our keeps struggle we do not unremarkably live on alone. Someone grips us company. Even exactly for a turn, we journey lifes path with a companion. It makes the burden a haul easier and even more meaningful. We are reminded that life after all is about edifice relationships that sees us through the most trying of times. aliveness gives us multitude to guide and accompany us as we thread down the road. sometimes they live long enough to witness our feat. But usually they do not. Nevertheless, they serve their purpose.They provide comfort whenever we are afraid. They wipe our tears juiceless and lull us to sleep to regain lost strength. They give us expect in the most miserable of fortune. They teach us to see another(prenominal) day as a chance to turn things somewhat. When every(prenominal) one else have left, who do we turn to? When the material wealth we have is none, how can we move on? When fate turns against us, what is the chance for survival? When it seems to be the world versus one earth, is success hiding beneath the clouds of doubt?Whenever life robs us of our possessions, whitethorn we find comfort in knowing that we have not lost it all. Our family will remain to be the wealth entirely our own. Neither fate nor circumstance can take it away from us. It is something ours, and ours alone. A fathers love can be the however thing that can make us possibly manner of walking another mile. It could quilt the pain in our hearts knowing that someone is guiding us through. Whenever doubt seems to relaxation behaviorrict every movement we make, let us be reminded that our fathers strength runs through our veins. The narration about a father and a son is not uncommon for many of us. prevalent as a literary theme is its message. It transcends age, culture, race and tradition. It speaks a delivery cognise by all. It is something that lives and outlives generations and beyond. A father and sons story is about strength. It is about keeping tears from falling even if you save wanted to succumb and cry. It is about learning to be a man as fate continues to challenge his top executive to remain brave and undefeated. secret code can be more painful than seeing death kick downstairs right through our very eyes. secret code can be more frightening than the thought that the next victim could possibly be me. aught can be more frustrating than realizing that tomorrow will alone be like any other day of violence and death. Nothing can be much overweighter than believing that things happen for a reason. How can we possibly live when life on earth seems to be empty, both literally and figurative ly? We all know that it would not always be a bed of roses. But why does it seem to be usually a bed of thorns? How much pain can a man endure? What is the real essence of suffering? Cormac McCarthys novel authorise The Road, is dedicated to his son, John Francis McCarthy. The novel a finalist of the National Book Critics plenty Award for fiction and a recipient of both the James Tait depressed Memorial Prize and the Pulitzer Price for fiction unfolds the journey of a man and a boy across a post apocalyptic panorama. The scope signifies what was left after a great cataclysm made humanity on this earth almost unheard of (McCarthy, 2006).Whoever said that life essential go on may not know of a lot about surviving death. Whenever we witness death, it feels like a part of us has also stopped breathing. It leaves us numb and unaware that the world around us continues to run its course.Life must go on indeed. This narrative must be true after all. No matter how hard and how unimag inable it may seem we are all compelled to do it unless the same. We cannot pause for a irregular and recollect our lost selves before anything else. period passes by and once lost, it can never be regained. Sometimes, we just got to keep on moving no matter what. Move on and go on and trust that life may lead us to rest right when we need it the most.Death should remind us that life is lived just once. We may not be able to control what lies on the change shape of the road, but we still have to thread it, nevertheless. Death reminds us that we have to give meaning to our existence. This is the challenge we all have to face.In the grubby tunnel of death, life is the light at the end of it. It may be seen as a symbol of a cycle. Every end can be the start of something new. For every chapter of life that has been told precedes another story and to unfold.This is but the cycle of life. It is a never ending story about life and death. More importantly, it is a challenge of living a life of worth to make death as important. For death could mean something only if the life lost left a void.There may be times when giving up is all too tempting. Enduring the most painful events of life is really too exhausting. These are the moments when we beg of death. These are the times when life appears to be worthless. We are sometimes too consumed by pain that we seem to believe that life is hell on earth.Life does not come without pain. Every once in a while or sometimes a little too often pain is thrown on our way. Whenever it does, it reminds us that we are very much alive. It makes us feel so human. It makes things so real. The sweetness of pain lies on our ability to bear its bitterness.Even so, life may not really be all about pain and suffering. We can surely get some sweetness from it when we squeeze it dry. There is some kind of balance in the world we live in. Goodness surely lies on some corner. It may take time and a lot of effort in between, but it is in that respect as it has always been.The most challenging of all circumstances teaches a lesson or two. Things happen not to make man lick into thinking that life is a crazy game of pessimism. While in that location is ruthlessness, there is goodness.Goodness comes in the most unexpected of packages. It comes during the most unexpected of times. It comes when we have almost given up. It comes at just the right moment to remind us that it was worth it to hold on.Holding on is often the only thing left to do. It may not be the most logical but it could possibly be the most practical. Some concourse come into our lives and quietly go but they leave us a message that speaks so clear and sound. It is from fantasticalrs that we gain the wisdom we would not have otherwise known.And this could be the beauty of life. That after all the pain, we may be able to smile again. Just when we thought that we can never know life to be kind, someone teaches us the value of optimism. When gravity seems to break us down while trying to hold on with all our cogency, a helping hand extends for the taking.Just when we get so tightlipped the end of our rope, let us find comfort that someone is at the other end to take over. They pull us through when we might have lost all the strength that is left. They are once a stranger we crossed paths with. But before the road takes us to until now another bend, each other are no more strangers. For that walk we shared has left some of the most important lessons we can never forget.Life is hard but we are tougher. It can take away everything but we can always leave some bit of hope deep inside our hearts. We may not have anymore tears left to cry. We may be left with broken bones and batter ego. But if we continue to struggle along the road and combat every imaginable obstacle there is, we can still be hailed victors of the finest kind. may we not lose hope on the promise of yet another sunrise no matter how painful life has made known itsel f to man. Life takes on a whole new meaning when it is lived not for thy self. A life lived in this way is noble in all the ways that matter.ReferencesBBC.co.uk. (2007, April 17). Novelist McCarthy wins Pulitzer. Retrieved February 26,2008, from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6563291.stmChabon, M. The New York Review of Books. (2007, February 15). after the Apocalypse. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http//www.nybooks.com/articles/19856.Conlon, M. Reuters. (2007, June 5). Writer Cormac McCarthy confides in Oprah Winfrey. Retrieved February 26, 2008, fromhttp//www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN0526436120070605?pageNumber=1.Empire. (2007, April 2). John Hillcoat Hits The Road An adaptation of Cormac McCarthys novel. Retrieved February 26, 2008, fromhttp//www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=20573.Guardian.co.uk. (2007, October 30). Civilisation ends with a shutdown of human concern. Are we there already? Retrieved February 26, 2008, fromhttp//www.guardian.co .uk/commentisfree/story/0,,2201594,00.html.Jones, M. (2006). On the Lost Highway. Newsweek. Retrieved February 26, 2008, fromhttp//services.newsweek.com//search.aspx?offset=0&pageSize=10&sortField=pubdatetime&sortDirection=descending&mode=summary&q=on+the+lost+ bridle-path&site-search-submit.x=33&site-search-submit.y=7Keller, J. (2007). Oprahs excerpt a real shocker Winfrey, McCarthy strange bookfellows. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 26, 2008, fromhttp//pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1246151131.html?dids=12461511311246151131&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABSFT&type=current&date= bumble+29%2C+2007&author=Julia+Keller&pub=Chicago+Tribune&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Oprah%27s+selection+a+real+shocker+.Kennedy, W. (2001). Left Behind. The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2008,from http//www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/books/review/Kennedy.t.html?ex=1189396800&en=6d113b5a5cbaf19b&ei=5070McCarthy, C. (2006). The Road. New York Alfred A. Knopf.National Book Critics Circle. (2006). NBCC Aw ards Finalists. Retrieved February 26,2008, from http//www.bookcritics.org/?go=finalists

Outline and comment on the two schools Essay

Outline and comment on the two schools of thought involved in the study of the mortalality- kick upstairs debate in development. Explain, using specimens, why this debate gives rise to so much contest.The debate concerning the two schools of thought involved in the study of the disposition versus nurture is one of the most controversial and long-lasting debates in psychology. Psychologists give birth issue whether a particular part of doings had taken place through with(predicate) agenttic and heredity actors or through experience in their milieu and learning. Psychologists ar trying to answer, What makes us who we are? and consider two primary(prenominal) mildews.Firstly nature which is involved in genes and heredity, and their influences on our development, and secondly nurture which is involved in external influences on our development such as the environment and nurturing. Psychologists were divided into two schools of thought, firstly the nativists, who are con cerned with the nature side of the debate. In 1943 Gesell argued that genes and chromosomes that are inherited are the main influence in baby development (Hayes and Orrell 1996, pg 2). For sheath Gesell found that the development of forcible coordination in a baby seemed to follow an orderly sequence, beginning with its head, and in stages moved down the body. Gesell regarded these sequences of development as being fixed and genetically determined (Hayes N 1993, pg 31).See more what is essay format Genes are lengths of DNA, which carry instructions that control everything that happens inside a cadre. They are passed onto the following generation in order to avoid extinction. Each body cell contains two sets of 23 chromosomes and each chromosome contains up to 4000 genes. (Barber M et al 2000, pg 480). every(prenominal) new born(p) baby has around 60,000 genes they have two copies of each gene and inherit one set from the mother and one set from the father. (Barber M et al 200 0,pg 504). We portray some of these genes in our similarities in appearance to our parents or other members of our immediate family, or when generations have been skipped. For example our eye and haircloth colour is similar or our height, build and weight is similar to our parents.Genes stooge be recessive or dominant. For example The gene that gives the colour in brown eye is a dominant gene and the blue gene that results in blue eyes is a recessive gene. A child will have brown eyes if one of its parents had brown eyes even if the other parent had blue eyes. That child will muted have the blue-eyed gene and may pass it on to the adjacent generation (Hayes and Orrell 1996, pg 5).Some diseases are inherited mainly because of faulty genes. For example Huntingdon disease is caused by a faulty gene and causes premature retroversion of the brain (Barber M et al 2000,pg 504). Downs syndrome is a nonher example of a genetic disorder, which has resulted from the presence of an extra c hromosome and causes physical and mental handicaps to opposite degrees of severity (Hayes and Orrell 1996, pg 4).As well as inherited characteristics and features there is in any case evidence of inherited behaviour. This was hand overn in 1938 in Lorenz and Tinbergens 4 characteristics in wolf behaviourStereo qualityd this behaviour happens the same way every time.Species circumstantial this behaviour is specific to a certain type of animal.Isolation this behaviour is the same as others of their species, even if they have been isolated.No practice this behaviour appears as a complete unit even if the animal has had no chance to practice it. (Hayes and Orrell 1996 pg 9 & Class notes)Imprinting is a type of behaviour that can form rapid attachments and is also believed to be genetically influenced.For example Ducklings had become imprinted on a human being. Lorenz found that ducklings would comprehend him if he were the first moving thing they saw. He believed this would on ly take place in the critical percentage point, up to 25 hours after hatching. This was questioned by, (W Slucking in 1964.) After his own study of the same experiment, he found the period was extended if the ducklings were isolated from one another, and hadnt been able to imprint on each other (Hayes N 1993, pg 39).Behaviours we inherit dont show up all at once. Certain forms of behaviour emerge when the private is mature enough. This is known as maturation, for example, the physiological changes that take place in puberty (Hayes & Orrell 1996 pg 7). There are variations between the nativists and behaviourists about whether or not maturation is purely genetic. (Hayes N 1993, pg 32).This brings the debate to the other side of the disagreement and behaviourists also known, as empiricists, believe nurture is the main influence in development. In 1913, J.B. Watson attempted to make psychology Scientific.Previously psychology had concentrated on the study of the mind, Watson argued t hat the mind was not suitable for validated scientific research, so instead he studied behaviour (Hayes N 1995, pg 3). Watson was a total empiricist believing the environment was the only important factor in an individuals development. He considered that a child was born as tabula rasa a blank slate, which experience would write upon to produce the person (Hayes & Orrell 1996, pg 2.

The Human Vessel to the New Business Frontier

As our workforces rear more than diverse incessantlyy day, and customers ar demanding divulge, faster, and less expensive service, companies ar faced with the challenges to throw and meet the commutes needful to await in business. The organizational environment must similarly learn to assess the direction of these changes plot of land also being able to respond successfully to those that roll in at a completely different direction than expected. The loss leadinghiphip requisite to handle these wonderfully tumultuous times, so that organizations in transition remain profitable, is crucial.Todays companies become successful based on their abilities to pretend and manage change. They can no interminable expire with push through courage and imaginativeness the courage to challenge prevailing business models and the imagination to invent virgin markets. As the globe continues to evolve into a marketplace with vanishing boundaries, competition becomes stronger, t ighter, and smarter than ever before, ultimately forcing organizational change. The tidal strength of competition that has been upon us everyplace the past few decades has fundamentally changed the blueprints of many corporations and how they now need to be led.Businesses direct awakened to the hard fact that leadinghip can no longer be defined by the effective management of population and systems, but nearly importantly by the effective leading of change. leadinghip, or the lack thereof, is proving to be one of the most crucial determinants of whether organizations pull up s weighs survive and flourish in the next centurys business frontier. We expire in an era of organizational reengineering. To become or remain competitive, leader place often must realize improvement through fundamental change, or reengineering.As defined by Jon R. Katzenbach, author of Real Change Leaders, radical changes be Those situations in which corporate performance requires most volume passi m the organization to learn new ways and skills. These new skills must add up to a competitive advantage for the enterprise allowing it to produce better and better performance in shorter and shorter time frames. The changes that ar most relevant are those that demand companies to redefine their organizations in order to profit from the changes or horizontal just to endure them.Change, such as that which comes with new technology, comes so quick and frequently that business are forced to develop new organizational models and practices. With the unrelenting evolution of technology, organizational structures carry had to be reinvented. No longer do we find the centralized, multi-layered hierarchies that once offered organizations bureaucratic control over employees. rarified organizational structures are now collapsing into flatter pyramids with wider spans of control offering greater flexibility, cost-efficiency, and more interdependent departments capable of quick action and reaction.As with advances in technology, economic, political, and socio-cultural environments are also faced with swift changes. Unfortunately, such a rapid rate of change can turn an organizations strengths into its weaknesses. Leaders must now think like change agents, because the issue is non only how new concepts and skills are acquired, but also how to unlearn things that are no longer serving the organization. This means that leaders must cautiously examine organizational cultures and then reinvent them to promote and maintain success.The most important thing to understand, however, is that leaders can non change culture arbitrarily in the sense of eradicating dysfunctional conditions. By evolving culture they can build on its strengths while diminishing its weaknesses. Culture is changed through changes in various bring up concepts in the mental models of people who are the main carriers of the culture. Note, however, that such transformations do not occur through announce ments or formal programs. They occur through a genuine change in the leaders behavior If culture cannot be manipulated through hard-core policy changes and formalities, how does a leader gain the loyalty of the organizations members? How does a leader work on opposites to voluntarily commit to his or her vision of where the party is going and how it will get there? Robert Rosen, assistant clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioural sciences at the George Washington School of Medicine tells us that Americans are starved for new leaders emotionally intelligent leaders with vision and fibre who can guide their downsized organizations back to health and high performance.However, before they are willing to go through the growing pains of organizational changes, employees extremity to and must feel that the leader is willing to walk the talk The roadway of a leader is one of a trailblazer. Forging new ideas, concepts, and theories to assemble the success level of those he or she is leading. Throughout history, there adopt been many leaders who have fundamentally changed the way the world viewed things such as freedom, politics, and the importance of forgiveness. These magnetic individuals are able to draw out not only their own magnificence, but also that of those who follow them.inside their skills to lead, they cultivate others abilities to rise above their difficulties and self-doubts. Leaders of truly positive change can breath life back into an organization that is on the perimeter of collapsing. With their abilities to instill value that reflect courage and respect in their followers, they also are more than willing to share in their visions for the future. If a leader truly wants to transform an organization that can and will endure the required changes that the future holds, he or she must work to unify its members by building a shared vision with common values and direction. stack is an essential element of leadership. It is a leaders image of what the corporation will produce or provide, where the caller-out is headed to achieve those successes, and how it will sire there. Vision refers to a picture of the future with some implicit or explicit commentary on why people should strive to create that future. It is also the intuitive ability to wait the potential in or requirement of opportunities right in front of you. Vision is necessary to clarify the unavoidableness and actions of organizational changes.When people understand why they are going in a certain direction and they fundamentally agree with it, they are a lot more motivated and willing to put in the work it takes to gibe a leaders vision materialize. the real ability of a vision is unleashed only when most of those involved in an enterprise or activity have a common understanding of its goals and direction. When a diary keeper inquired about the remarkable success of the Hewlett-Packard corporation, David Packard spoke only in price of the ttr ibutes of immense operating freedom within well-defined objectives, the pay-as you-go policy that enforces entrepreneurial discipline, the critical decision to enable all employees to share in the companys financial success. These organizational attributes are not just unprejudiced choices made to see if the organizations members would use them to assist the company in its successes they are carefully thought out plans that began as souls vision as to how the company could flourish through its people.To companies whose leaders mobilize their people and unleash their competence, creativity, and commitments, success is almost sure to follow. once a leader has formed, articulated, and shared with the other members of the organization his or her visions for the future, those other people will be watching very closely to see just how much conviction the leader has in those visions. They expect leaders to show up, to pay attention, and to participate directly in the military operatio n of get extraordinary things done.Leading by example is how leaders make visions and values tangible. It is how they provide the evidence that they are personally committed. That evidence is what people numerate for and admire in leaders, people whose direction they would willingly follow. This makes believability a very important attribute that people look for in a successful leader. Those looking to a leader need to believe in that person that he or she can be trusted that he or she is truly excited about the direction that the companys heading.People expect their leaders to stand for something and to have the courage of their beliefs. It is also equally as important for the leader to know that his or her credibility is not being challenged. Leaders believe their personal credibility is more important than their formal position of power. Credibility is what they think enables them to inspire boldness among the people they must influence to take initiative and personal risk. Th e scoop up leaders show their personal credibility both in what they have accomplished and in what they know about the change task at hand.Courage is another primary attribute of a successful leader. unrivalled of the greatest challenges for leaders of change is to develop the personal skills that are necessary to effectively generate and cultivate courage, in themselves as well as those around them. They recognize that courage is really about making the contact between whats changing in the business world and what inevitably to change in their personal behaviors.They also recognize that personal change offers far more potential rewards than sticking with the status quo. As the authentication of a true leader, courage is necessary to take risks, to create a vision, to empower others, and to challenge the current conditions of any situation. In The Art of War, solarise Tzu said Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humanness, courage, and sternness. The most essential facial gesture of how the leaders of the next century will sustain their companies is the continual facilitation of the people within their organizations as the primary factor for success.Although empowerment has become or so of a buzz word within the business arena, its power is nonetheless stronger than any other tool used by leaders to get results from people. Because in its most simple form, empowerment is sharing the decision-making process with others, it is closely related to courage. Those companies that have stood the test of time, such as Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, Nordstrom, and Wal-Mart have infused into their organizations the practices of empowering their employees.Leaders of the future must have the strength and fearlessness to go against the grain of old assumptions or paradigms. They must continue to trailblaze in their efforts to see that the organizations of the next century will remain in tact. They will be the encouragers of change for positive resu lts they will be the beacons that the others look to guide the ship through any storm they will hold their heads high in recognition of success and have the courage to admit when outcomes are not what they had planned. Tomorrows leaders of change rise to the occasion and take the others with them.

Discourse Analysis on Winston Churchill and Tony Blair

Section 1 1. 1 In this essay, I im recess be conducting a give-and-take analytic thinking on a patois make by Winston Churchill in the 1940s, when he informed the British public that they leave alone be entering war. I will mapping sociological investigate which examines the discourse of politics to supply context for this tongue. My research topic is to give a room of life in this essay is how blossom invites character persuasive techniques to win the encourage of the muckle.To achieve this, I will be comparing Churchills diction to Tony Blairs spoken language in 2003 when he decl atomic number 18d war on Iraq, to see what changes and convertibleities of discourses t here(predicate) are, regarding persuading and sort outing the support of the people. 1. 2 The consideration of the audience and their ad hoc thoughts and noniceings is certainly an essential theme when making a speech. Politicians use the talk word to rule, inform, strengthen and communicate wit h the public in order to go for their own, or their partys politics.As van Dijk puts it, affable office abuse, dominance, and divergence are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and policy-making context (2001 352). If we are the people who vote to put these politicians in power, we ought to snuff it much aware of the strategies and tactics behind their speeches. This will give us more opportunity of making a fair judgement of the significant meaning of the message, rather than the persuasive and deceiving talking to that often clouds our judgement.I will be utilize vituperative discourse epitome and rhetorical policy-making compend as it is an approach that is suitable for written texts and helpful for discovering institutional meanings that discharge hidden within rhetorical strategies. This system will facilitate me in finding the ideological dimension of discourse within the speeches I am analyzing (Cameron 2001123). 1. 3Using critic al discourse analysis I will analyse how the diction utilise in governmental speeches functions as a type of social practice that constructs the objects of which it purports to speak (Cameron 2001123).We can apply critical discourse analysis to expose the shipway discourse is interwoven with society and elaboration, Wodak notes society and culture are shaped by discourse, and at the same time patch up discourse (Wodak 2000146). The use of language can reproduce or read society and culture and it can to a fault be ideological. A way to discover its ideological qualities is by exploring their interpretation, reception and social effects (Wodak 2000146). By xamining speeches make by Winston Churchill and Tony Blair, I will seek to find the ideological messages that lie beneath their rhetoric language and uncover in what way their statements turn over inclined the British public and if their discourses have gained the publics support. 1. 4We at once turn to the second indentifi ed approach turn uplined in the introduction, rhetorical political analysis. It particularly focuses on the character and nature of rhetoric and its position in political analysis. Rhetorical style is concerned with the arrangement of the narrative.Johannesson (200065) implys to numerous ways of forming a classical rhetoric speech some(prenominal) Churchill and Blair use disposito, bragging(a) their argument structure and narratio, giving the numerateener essential background information. Historically, rhetorical has been utilize since the ancient Greek and Roman times and the Great philosopher Aristotle wrote a rhetoric textbook where he established the goals of this discipline. The old laws of the rhetoric make loved on in the modern world roughlyly in politics, and the battles of the sulphur valet War were not effective fought on land, except also on the air by great orators such as Hitler and Churchill.Both Churchill and Blair use galore(postnominal) of the classi c rhetorical structures when delivering their speeches which I will examine further in the next section. Section 2 2. 1 On the 13th may 1940 was Churchills first radio broadcast as Prime Minister with the direct audience being the British public. This was a live broadcast, with the fair game to inform the soil of the upcoming attack on Britain by the Germans. It becomes ostensible that Churchills key intention here is to persuade the nation in becoming actively involved in the war.His reasons of calling upon the nation as a whole were because all men were needed to bid, not just those who were in the army. Churchill was possibly attempting to involve every separate in the war, as his speech shows, There will be many men and women on this island who when the ordeal comes upon them, as come it will, will feel comfort and compensate pride that they are sharing the perils of the lads at the front. (13. 05. 40. ) He convinces the country to detain optimistic by saying We may loo k with confidence to the stabilisation of the front in France. (13. 05. 40).On the 4th June 1940, Churchill spoke to the House of commonality who were his steer audience, however there was also the wider audience of the nation. Conscious that the speech would be made public, Churchill did not exclusively turn to the audience members of the House of viridity but rather he was overlaying the outside audience with a make it goal to diminish the will of resistance among the British and conveying out a message to the USA to join the war with Britain. The speech made by Tony Blair to the House of leafy vegetable on 18th March 2003, was most likely one of the most important speeches of his years as the Prime Minister.This was a speech with the sole intention to persuade his audience sevens to vote for Britain to participate in the war in Iraq. Blair would not have been able to declare war without having the support of the Parliament, therefore it was crucial to gain their vote. The main audience of Blairs speech in 2003 were the British public. During this live broadcast, Blair told the nation that military action had already begun in Iraq. He try to convince the British public that he had made the right closing in sending troops to urge on, frankincense trying to justify his actions.Although the people of Britain were the direct audience, it is possible that Blair was reaching to a wider world wide audience. In his speech Blair addresses the people of Iraq directly saying I hope the Iraki people hear this message, our enemy is not you, but your barbarous rulers. (20. 03. 03) up to now though Churchill and Blairs speeches are slightly different concerning their goals, both use interchangeable methods in order to persuade the British public. In the chase sections I will analyse and consider the persuasive techniques I feel are of most significance.They include the use of personal pronouns, rhetorical style, repeat and parallelism with a brief discuss ion of the delivery of speech. 2. 2 personalized pronouns are very a lot linked with power and solidarity, therefore the prime(prenominal) of pronoun that each Prime Minister uses replicates this. When talking to the nation and the House of Commons both Churchill and Blair use the first person pronoun I on numerous times. I tends to be apply by both leaders much more often when addressing the House of Commons. The other first person pronouns which were utilise were Me and My. My was used when each leader was putting across their personal beliefs and opinions, such as Blairs hatred for ibn Talal Hussein, My detestation of Saddam. (Blair 18th March 2003) Me has similar functions to I as it symbolises the speaker and demonstrates that he is committing himself to his pledge. Wales (199666) said it is usually used to refer to the speaker and third parties who may not be consecrate in the current situation. The use of we can be exploited to suffer the responsibility. The general u se of we refers to the speaker and the listener.Through the use of comprehensive we we can see how the leaders assume to speak on the audiences behalf, for example We must not allow ourselves to be intimidated by the presence of these armoured vehicles (Churchill 13th May 1940) Churchill uses we inclusively numerous times to refer to himself and the people of Britain as one which in turn encourage solidarity. It is used most often by both leaders with the aim to persuade the audience to work as a team, by saying incorporated statements, for example we will we shall and so forth.Both Churchill and Blair tend to use we with the double importation that they are not lonesome(prenominal) speaking on behalf of their party but also on behalf of their audience. 2. 3 Churchill uses methods of persuasion through and through reasoning here he aims to calm the British, arguing their brief safety using reasonable reasoning We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those whi ch belong to air power if it can be locally exercised. (Churchill, split up 22) Its noted by Atkinson (198437) from his analysis of speeches that one of the most frequent means of extracting agreement is what he calls a list of terzetto. In political speeches lists of lead are usually easy to remember Of our country, of our Empire, of our Allies. (Churchills address to the nation 13th May 1940) Throughout his speeches Churchill has a tendency to use three part lists, as it makes the speech more memorable and therefore more likely to persuade the audience. In Blairs speech to the House of Commons, he uses a two-part list, No to any ultimatum no to any resolution. (18th March 2003) In a way we can see how these lists function in the similar way to parallelism, as they serve to emphasise the point being made.Three part lists are memorable for both the speaker and the listener as they are rooted in some cultures as encouraging a maven of solidarity and totality. The final categor y of persuasion is persuasion through the art of reasoning. Blair uses this method much more than Churchill. During his speech, Blair discusses a series of events to the House of Commons notifying them of Saddam Hussains actions. We can see how Blair felt it imperative to include real information, as this was the only way to justify his actions for urging Britain to go to war. 2. Churchill and Blair both perform the characteristics of a strong, virtuous leader. Churchill who led the last free European nation against Hitler, dares to confront the apparently relentless Nazi attack on Europe in so doing so, Churchill offered hope of freedom to the British people. Churchills choice of words and tone were very dramatic, and he used emotionally charged words to get to the heart of the people. Churchills soundbite holds identical features as the Blair equivalents to his manifesto, Tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime. (4. 07. 1993).Both leaders use the Aristotelian three mai n means of persuasion through the arousal of emotion, the persuasion through reasoning and persuasion through temperament and stance. Rhythm is one of the key features when analysing at the speeches, as this is what makes them flowing and thus effective. The use of lists of three memorable words and repetition of the main issues adds to the calendar method of birth control of the speech. Churchill generally uses the list of three and repetition more than Blair, therefore his speeches are more rhythmic. A very important and smart method used by both Churchill and Blair is the use of repetition and parallelism.Both Churchill and Blair used this device in order to gain their audiences support. One of the main reasons why Churchills speech to the House of Commons is convincing is because of his use of structural parallelism at the end of his speech, We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, We shall fight on the seas and oceans, We shall fight with growing confidence in the air, We shall fight on the beaches, We shall fight on the landing grounds (Churchill 4th June 1940) In contrast, Blairs does not use the structural parallelism in his speech to the House of Commons to the extent Churchill does.However Blair does use repetition to implement his point is, for example It is tremendous if such regimes disbelieve us, Dangerous if they think they can use our weakness, our waver even the natural urges of our democracy towards peace against us, Dangerous because one daylight (18th March 2003) Blair also repeats the word dangerous in order to tell his aim and convince his audience that if they do not agree to war, they will be facing a dangerous state of affairs.Section 3 3. 1 Comparing Churchills and Blairs speeches I have shown that there are many resemblances in the way they deliver speeches such as, explaining in honesty, the unassumingness of the threat and how they both describe the enemy as evil, but also in putting their causes in a global cont ext and in terms of using rhetorical devices, they both use repetition, soundbites, contrastive pairs and the list of three. The list of three is a perfect device when declaring war.The inclusiveness and punctuate of national solidarity and unity is what a leader needs to communicate and animate faith with the people. The major balance between the two leaders is that Blair uses the inclusive approach towards the world and possible allies, whereas Churchill speaks more exclusively for Britain solely. This also shows the difference in the times the speeches were made, as when Churchill made his speech it would have only reached the British public.In comparison, Blairs speech was televised globally, therefore he must address the audience more inclusively to make it relevant for the listeners. Although Blairs speech could be said to build on the works of Churchill such as using the same rhetorical devices, being a well composed speech and being expertly performed, ultimately, it is a lways the circumstances under which a speech is delivered that will give the speaker and the speech their rightfully earned respect. 3. To conclude, critical discourse analysis is a suitable method to analyse political speeches as it sees language as social practices, and as productive of experience which maintains power. It is particularly concerned with language used in political speeches and the media so it is not just context specific, but audience-specific. However, a disadvantage is although it had implications for individual language use, there are words and phrases they use which may not be applicable in 30 years time, as language is forever evolving.The limits of discourse analysis is that it does not give us a representation of the persons proposed psychological state, it instead focuses on power in a social context and how this is made through language, how it is challenged and recycled. I believe the use of language analysis related to social concepts could be more spr ead out by having studies made into how social situations themselves cause the discourse we use, also investigating how new meanings are given to words and what social implications they have in society. Bibliography BooksAtkinson, J (1985) Structures of Social Action Cambridge University Press Cameron, Deborah Working with spoken discourse Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing handling Textual Analysis for Social Research. London Routledge. Gee, J. P. (2005). An Introduction to talk of Analysis Theory and Method. London Routledge Seale, Clive (2004) Researching society and culture Sage Publications Ltd Second Edition Wodak, Ruth (2000) Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis London, Sage Publications Wood, Linda A. (2000) Doing Discourse Analysis Sage Publications Articles and WebsitesEgbert. J Baker Grammar As Interpretation Greek Literature in Its Linguistic Contexts (1997) http//books. google. co. uk/books? id=L8VmSJeZCw0C&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=we+shall+fight+on+the+beaches+discours e+analysis&source=bl&ots=Kpm7QW94Mk&sig=1i_rPybz_RMBd1l_WB0nkeXWsso&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IOzqUKKeLoqU0QXYkoGQAw&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQv=onepage&q=we%20shall%20fight%20on%20the%20beaches%20discourse%20analysis&f= faithlessly (online book) Fairclough & Wodak Critical discourse analysis Linguistics and English Language (1997) www. ing. lancs. ac. uk/ round/norman/critdiscanalysis. doc (online word document) Guardian Full text Tony Blairs speech (2003) http//www. guardian. co. uk/politics/2003/mar/18/foreignpolicy. iraq1 (website article) Language in use Sir Winston Churchill We shall fight them on the beaches

Motivation vs Employee Performance

This chapter examined relevant literature from full treatment that m new(prenominal) already been d iodin on the topic. The literature freshen up was incorpo enjoind in the following form Introduction, penury, the early theorists of require, and contemporary theorists of indigence. Area of domain 1MotivationMotivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what ca practices us to act, whether it is get a glass of water to reduce thirst or practice session a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive kings that activate behavior. In eachday usage, the term motivation is frequently calld to describe wherefore a soulfulness does something. For example, you might say that a student is so motivated to get into a clinical psychology program that she knock offs every night studying.Psychologists see proposed a number of antithetical theories of motivation, including dr ive theory, intellect theory and humanistic theory. Motivation is the step upcome that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes us to take bring through, whether to snatch a snack to reduce hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The forces that lie beneath motivation evict be biological, social, emotional or cognitive in nature. Researchers have developed a number of different theories to explain motivation. Each man-to-man theory tends to be rather limited in scope. However, by looking at the find ideas behind each theory, you dope gain a better accord of motivation as a whole.1.1. BonusBonus is the extra amount in money, bonds, or goods over what is normally due. The term is applied especially to getments to employees either for output in excess of the normal ( affiance incentive) or as a tract of surplus profits. The wage incentive was designed during the late 19th cent. non precisely to increase production but to take the more respectable and more energetic fakeers. The hourly or weekly wage was to be figured as sufferment for a exemplar rate of work, and the workers who exceeded that standard were to receive a bonus.However, the system fell into disfavor with labor unions because rate cutting was often resorted to when bonuses became withal high. Industrial engineers of the 1930s realized that decided standards ofaccomplishment and flavor must be set to make wage incentives workable. Many firms have used an annual bonus plan for distributing irregular profits to employees. The term is in like manner applied to payments to former servicemen in step-up to regular pensions and insurance.1.2. IncrementSalary increments atomic number 18 often expressed as a character of an employees overall base pay. An increment usually represents a portion of what the employee earns per stratum. Employers use increments to increase or decrease base salaries or to award bonuses. Employees use them as a ben chmark to either negotiate a pay increase or a starting salary with a crude employer. When an employer offers a starting salary that is 5 percent below average, a potential employee might counter with a 5 percent increase. state-supported employees typically receive annual raises based on salary increments.1.3. improve FacilitiesDesigning a workplace that raises opportunities for the broadest potential workforce makes good business sense. This allows employers to portion out the most qualified populate from the largest possible applicant pool. It whitethorn besides improve work efficiency, employee productivity, workplace safety and the quality of work. The workforce entrust likely represent a wide range of demographics and abilities. Most workers spend much of their time at the workplace. therefore, many design considerations for workplace facilities may be different than other types of built surroundingss that be used by fewer plenty over shorter time spots. Job fulfi llance is beat out when the purlieu neither under-stimulates nor over-stimulates the employee. Lighting, the thermal environment and noise are the light upon environmental variables to consider. The most desirable levels of each will non only convert across work environments and multitude, but also will vary for different line of work requirements. It is therefore important for the designer to have a good discretion of the work requirements to design effective environments.Area of Study 2 Employee surgery Employee performance is basically related performance appraisal interms of and man-to-man goals. Employee execution means the level at which your employees are performing. Employee performance is more than just completing the dreaded annual review in order to get the annual bonus or pay increase. It is an ongoing activity with the ultimate goal of improving both individual and corporate performance.Employees set their objectives for the upcoming review period monitor the ir increase against those objectives, and develop the right set of expertnesss and objectives for the future. Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a familiar vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organic lawal objectives. It is the fuel that allows common plenty to attain uncommon conclusions. Andrew Carnegie (1835 1919)2.1. The appraisal process is made up of three stages Goal setting set goals and objectives for the upcoming review period Evaluation assess the employees performance against the established goals and objectives Improve performance and skill development career planning, training, personal development, train, mentoring and more.2.2. Why should an presidential term consider implementing an Employee Performance precaution (EPM) solution? Automation save time and money by automating this potentially labour intensive activity. Not only will organizations move around more efficient, they will be able to improve on their H R reporting and analytics. Goal Alignment the goals and objectives of the organization can be cascaded mickle to every level of the organization. Everyone in the organization will be operative towards a common objective. Remote Workers- technology and the nature of the work force has made alternative working arrangements a reality. Employees no farsighteder have to physically be in the office in order to do their job.2.3. With an EMP solution, managers and employees can collaborate on their performance objectives.Flexibility EMP solutions can be put together to meet the unique of necessity of every organization. Competency Management every organization has specific competencies that are important for the company, departments and roles thatcan easily be managed using EMP software. Talent Management EPM is an important part of the Talent Management Process. It swear outs to identify known competencies for success, develop succession plans, pinpoint talent gaps, and establish compensation scales. The employee performance management solution allows organizations to manage their talent in order to maximize their human resources in order to gain a competitive advantage.Motivation and Employee PerformanceAccording to Dubin (2002), Motivation is the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. Motivation is something that puts the person to action, and continues him in the pedigree of action already initiated. Motivation refers to the way a person is enthused at work to intensify his desire and willingness to use his energy for the achievement of organizations objectives. It is something that moves a person into action and continues him in the course of action enthusiastically.Motivation is a complex phenomenon, which is influenced by individual, cultural, ethnic and historical concomitantor ins. Motivation can be defined as a series of energizing forces that prepare both within and beyond an individuals self. These forces rig the persons behavior and therefore, influence his/her productivity (Jackson, 1995). According to De Cenzo et al,(1996), deal who are motivated use a greater effort to perform a job than those who are not motivated. In other terms this means that all thinkable factors of physical or psychological cycloramas that we move with, leads to a reaction within our self or of the entire organization.According to Latham and Ernest (2006) motivation was in the beginning of the 1900s thought only to be monetary. However, it was discovered during the twentieth century that to motivate employees, there are more factors than just money. In their view, employees satisfaction with their job is an important indicator for a good job performance and happy employees are productive. To them, motivation is a psychological factor and is affected by the workers mental attitude and health. Therefore, in order to be motivated, a person require to have certain basic needs fulfilled. If these needs are lacking, a persons self-esteem and self-actualization cannot develop.This couldresult in lack of interest to progress and develop, both professionally and personally. There are several theories of human needs, which are the buns of motivation. CIPDs observe Survey (2005a) reveals that human resource (HR) and line managers fail to develop reward strategies for their employees. Guest and Conway, (2005) established their suggestions on the basis of CIPDs survey on employee welfare and emotional convention that managers fail to motivate and improve the performance of commonwealth whom they manage.The familiar notion that people leave managers, not organizations, suggests that the organizations concerned, were subjected to blow for holding managers responsible to consider their role in motivating people and to manage performance as effectively as they can. The biggest challenge for HR managers is to push line managers to manage and develop people.According to Butkus and Green (1999 ), motivation is derived from the word motivate, means to move, push or persuade to act for hearty a need. Baron (1983) defined motivation in his own right. He says that motivation is a set of processes concerned with a kind of force that energizes behavior and directs it towards achieving some specific goals. Many writers have expressed motivation as goal directed behavior. This objective nature of motivation is also suggested by Kreitner and Kinicki (2001) put forward that motivation represents those psychological processes that cause the stimulation, constancy of voluntary actions that are goal directed.A motivated person have the awareness of specific goals must be achieved in specific slipway therefore he/she directs its effort to achieve such goals (Nel et al., 2001). It means that motivated person is best fit for the goals that he/she wants to achieve, as he/she is to the full aware of its assumptions. Therefore if the roles of managers are assumed to successfully guide e mployees towards the organizational agenda of achieving its objectives, accordingly it is very important for them to educate and understand those psychological processes and undertakings that root cause the stimulation, direction of destination, determination and persistence of voluntary actions (Roberts, 2005). Mo (1992) differentiates between the terms movement and motivation.Movement carries out the occupation for compensation, requital in humans mind to act, term the term motivation is stapled with conglomeration involvement of a person in its tasks to carry out with excitements andhappiness. In simple words, movement compels a person to carry out tasks, while motivation is self-realized jubilant and pleasing act of carrying out specific tasks. The detective emphasizes on motivation which is basis for the success because the person involved in it is very happy and voluntarily excited not for compensation. Motivation is tenability for individuals accomplishments to carry out the project (La Motta 1995).There are many aspects of motivation in an organization a person motivated by those aspects may not necessarily motivate another person, because there are many different factors that affect motivation for different level employees. On reaching the understanding and believing that people (employees) are naturally motivated, an organization simply allow for the environment for their motivation to be enhanced and improved (Baron, 1983). It means that an organization is a better environment and working atmosphere provider, it only needs to believe that the people have the motivational behaviour. Lawler (2003) noted that different theories mocking why people prefer certain careers, why they seek situation rewards and why they feel satisfied or dissatisfied with their work and rewards.These are some of the resonating questions that create so many assumptions and hypotheses to be researched. It is astray recognized in management circles, that motivation plays a role in keeping an employee performing his or her best in any task assigned. Assessing La Motta and Baron, views on the concept of motivation makes one wonder why incentives provided to workers did not yield intended purpose. This is as a result of dynamics of individual needs and humans can never be accomplish in that, when one need is catered for responded, the worker shifts to another need and this then becomes a challenge hence the call for further research on the issue of motivation.An individuals motivation is influenced by biological, intellectual, social and emotional factors. As such, motivation is a complex, not easily defined, intrinsic driving force that can also be influenced by external factors. Every employee has activities, events, people, and goals in his or her deportment that he or she finds motivating. So, motivation about some aspect of life exists in each persons consciousness and actions. The trick for employers is to figure out how to inspire employ ee motivation at work. To create a work environment in which an employee is motivated aboutwork, involves both intrinsically satisfying and extrinsically support factors.Employee motivation is the combination of fulfilling the employees needs and expectations from work and the workplace factors that enable employee motivation or not. These variables make motivating employees challenging. Employers understand that they need to provide a work environment that creates motivation in people. But, many employers fail to understand the significance of motivation in accomplishing their mission and vision. Even when they understand the splendour of motivation, they lack the skill and knowledge to provide a work environment that fosters employee motivation. here(predicate) are thoughts about encouraging and inspiring employee motivation at work.3.1. Factors to Encourage MotivationThese are some of the factors that are present in a work environment that many employees find motivating. Mana gement and leadership actions that adorn employees,Transparent and regular communication about factors important to employees, Treating employees with respect,Providing regular employee recognition,Feedback and coaching from managers and leaders,Above industry-average benefits and compensation,Providing employee perks and company activities, andPositively managing employees within a success manakin of goals, measurements, and clear expectations.Every person has different reasons for working. The reasons for working are as individual as the person. But, we all work because we obtain something that we need from work. The something obtained from work fixs morale, employee motivation, and the quality of life. To create positive employee motivation, treat employees as if they matter because employees matter. These ideas will help you fulfill what people want from work and create employee motivation.3.2. What People indispensableness From Work Some people work for personal fulfillmen t others work for love of what they do. Others work to accomplish goals and to feel as if they are modifyto something larger than themselves. The bottom line is that we all work for money and for reasons too individual to assign similarities to all workers. Learn more.3.3. How to Demonstrate Respect at Work Ask anyone in your workplace what treatment they most want at work. They will likely top their list with the desire to be treated with dignity and respect. You can demonstrate respect with simple, yet goodly actions. These ideas will help you avoid needless, insensitive, unmeant disrespect, too. Read more about respect.3.4. erect Feedback That Has an Impact Make your feedback have the impact it deserves by the manner and ascend you use to deliver feedback. Your feedback can make a difference to people if you can avoid a defensive response.3.5. Top ten slipway to Show Appreciation You can tell your colleagues, coworkers and staff how much you respect them and their contribu tion any day of the year. Trust me. No occasion is necessary. In fact, small surprises and tokens of your appreciation spread throughout the year help the people in your work life feel valued all year long.3.6. Trust Rules The Most Important Secret Without it, you have nothing. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust is present, everything else is easier. Learn more.3.7. Provide motivational Employee Recognition You can avoid the employee recognition traps that single out one or a few employees who are mysteriously selected for the recognition play out the morale of the many who failed to win, place, or even show confuse people who meet the criteria yet were not selected or sought votes or other personalized, subjective criteria to determine winners. Learn more.3.7.1. Employee Recognition Rocks Employee recognition is limited in most organizations. Employees complain about the lack of recognition regularly. Managers ask, Why should I recognize or thank him? Hes just doing his job. And, life at work is busy, busy, busy. These factors combine to create work places that fail to provide recognition for employees. Managers who prioritize employee recognition understand the power of recognition.3.7.2. Top Ten Ways to Retain Your Great Employees Key employee retention is critical to the long term health and success of your business. Managers readily agree that their role is expose in retaining your best employees to ensure business success. If managers can cite this fact so well, why do many behave in ways that so frequently encourage great employees to quit their job? Here are ten more tips for employee retention.3.7.3. Team weeing and Delegation How and When to present People Employee involvement is creating an environment in which people have an impact on decisions and actions that affect the ir jobs. Team building occurs when the manager knows when to tell, sell, consult, join, or set apart to staff. For employee involvement and empowerment, both team building and delegation rule. Learn more.3.7.4. Build a Mentoring Culture What does it take to develop people? More than committal to writing equal opportunity into your organizations mission statement. More than send someone to a training class. More than hard work on the part of employees. What development does take is people who are willing to see and help their colleagues. Development takes coaches, guides and advocates. People development needs mentors. Learn more.

‘Of Mice and Men’ †The Theme Of Lonelyness Essay

Many of the oddballs in Of Mice and hands atomic number 18 nonsocial. They finger l whizliness and distinguishk value in legion(p ablaze(p)icate) different ship instruction. al one(a)ness is defined as the unhappiness that is felt by mostone because they do non stick out any friends or do non view anyone to talk to. People deal with solitariness in many ways. Introverts body a barrier and keep slew away. They want to be detached from separates and keep to themselves. They constitute neither roots nor friends. Introverts usually keep tranquillity and draw in on themselves. How eer, extroverts atomic number 18 the setback. They exitk attention and move to their environ handst by beingness belligerent or are overwhelmed with emotions. seclusion is a major theme in Of Mice and Men George and Lennie manold age to stave remove it by their relationship it embitters glaze and Crooks and it kills Curleys married woman. Steinbeck sees loneliness as a function of the human condition, some thing we are born with, and something we either fight or endure for the rest of our lives.Soledad, Our Lady of Loneliness is non a nurturing environment. It is a place where everybody is isolated because there is a lack of religious belief and friendship. The neat Depression of 1929 led to this because in many states of America there was unemployment, a lack of money and no relief sendered to jobless men and women. Without turn tail, many people lost their self-respect others continually struggled to find work, practically travelling thousands of miles across America, leaving homes and families behind them.They were known as itinerant workers. In the country things were almost worse than they were in the cities farmers were being driven off their land, there had been a series of droughts which had ruined the crops and dried up the state and farmers could non afford to re-pay the bank loans which helped them to spoil their farms in the first pl ace. Men used to move from cattle farm to cattle ranch severe to look for work to make believe a living and because of this, it was hard for them to make friends.Some who produce that they are sole(a) seek babys dummy in many ways such as having a ream or reading books like Crooks does. Others who are nongregarious, like Curley do not seek comfortableness because they are not aware of it. During that time, many of the Ameri merchant ships sought comfort by having the American hallucination which was to own a piece of land however sizable it was and to earn money from it.One of the characters who experiences loneliness and seeks comfort by having a day- ambitiousness is George. He does not experience it as overmuch as the other characters on the ranch as he has a companion, someone who he can befriend. George looks after Lennie and acts like a lift figure. An example of this is when Lennie drinks from the out of the green pool. George is ever looking out for him to pr otect him from danger.Lennie he utter sharply. Lennie, for Gods sake dont drink so much.George has to take care of Lennie, flat though he knows that Lennie has a disability, he continues to t distri scarceively him more or less what is skilful and wrong. However, George does suffer loneliness as he is often seen playing solitaire in the bunkhouse alone. George may be lonely because he cannot arrest intellectual conversations in his relationship with Lennie. Therefore, he often goes to the whorehouse with the other men on the ranch. Although George is more(prenominal) likely to be lonely than Lennie, they share true companionship.They are able to trust each other and are to threadher as one. They are two solely different characters yet they are so close. George is like a parent figure who is small and quick and Lennie the complete opposite someone who is large. The men on the ranch see it as a surprise to see the two of them to nourishher they cannot take the relationship th at these two share as the have never had it themselves and do not understand that they themselves are lonely.flimsy admires George and Lennies relationship because he understands that people do pick up friends. He aint mean, said lithe. I can tell a mean guy a mile off. His wise nature helps him to understand Lennie and the situation George is in. Although at first Candy does not understand George and Lennies relationship, he dumbfounds to understand it when he loses his drop back. However, Carlson nor Curley do not understand their relationship, as they are not aware that it exists themselves. Those who do realise seek comfort. George and Lennie two share a intake to abideher.Some day- were gonna get the gob together and were gonna have a little houseand a couple of acres an a cow and some pigs-An live off the fatta the lan.The fantasy gives them something to live for without each other, the dream is worthless. Later in the saucy when Lennie is shot George does not want to continue with the dream because he knows that it cannot happen, as Lennie is not there anymore. George tries to seek his comfort by talking to slim down and telling him how he feels. He is able to do this, as Slim understands what he is going through. The dream he shares with Lennie also helps him to seek comfort this makes him feel closer to Lennie as they are sharing it. George knows that the dream is undoable yet he still keeps hold onto it. Im stayin reform here. I dont want to get mixed up in nothing. Lennie and me got to make a stake. This suggests that George needs Lennies hospitality and without him, the dream is nothing whatsoever.Lennie seeks comfort by petting small animals. He has a need for physical contact, usually with small animals. This makes him unable to control this need to display warmth and he is unable to see the consequences even though he were sick the previous night. Being able to learn from the noncurrent is one of his dangerous failings and it seems to catch up with him wherever he goes. Lennie is not lonely because he has George. Without George, Lennie would not be able to survive because he constantly needs to be taken care of. Another understanding wherefore Lennie might not be lonely is that he does not know what loneliness is, therefore he does not realise that people on the ranch are lonely, he and knows that he does not like it on the ranch. Les go, George. Les get outa here. Its mean here. This suggests that Lennie has some sense of danger even though he does not know what it is, therefore he feels uncomfortable, scared, and insecure.Another character that is also insecure is Crooks he is lonely because the other men on the ranch do not mix with him as he is black, a Negro, and has also injured his back. Even though he did have part of the dream when he was younger he has now lost it and female childes it. The position that he did have the dream and has now lost it makes it even more distressing for him because usu ally if you have not had something you do not miss it. However, if you do have it and then you lose it, you become intense, insecure, and scared to come astir(predicate) with others because you might be afraid that you may lose your individuality. There is racial prejudice in Soledad, which makes Crooks isolated therefore, he is aware that no one likes him and feels ostracised from the bunkhouse.Crooks is proud and aloof because he has learnt to be this way this due to the age of constant abuse therefore, he suffers alone in silence by reading a mauled copy of the California Civil code for 1905. This suggests that he is literate, independent, and knowledgeable as his purpose is to educate himself and is very aware of his correctlys. As Crooks is lonely, it has a negative effect on his behaviour as he becomes aggressive with anyone who comes into his bunkhouse and he does not like to communicate with others. He is more of a reserved character who gets huffy and is emotional. He says You got no right to come in my room because he is not used to visitors as he is isolated from others and has no clue what Georges friendship delegacy to Lennie when he tells Lennie that George is not going to come back.His anger and pride get the better of him on this occasion he uses it as a defence force against the harsh treatment he receives from the people on the ranch. Crooks tries to seek comfort from the loneliness he has he does this by talking to Candy and Lennie intimately the past and his feelings even though he knew that Lennie is not listening to what he is trying to say. This made Crooks relieve the emotions he had drawn into himself. At first, he is aloof hardly gradually realises that Lennie is not a threat because his means is open and not prejudice. He reveals about his childhood when he con endure with white pincers and was unaware of prejudice.He happens to realise that the value of communicating is principal(prenominal) and taunts Lennie with the i dea that George might not return for him because he seems to get sport in Lennie feeling the loneliness he feels. Crooks happens to know Its just bein with another guy. Thats all that counts. He causes hurt and knows that Lennie is understanding about him being lonely because Crooks face lighted with pleasure in his torture and when a guy gets too lonely, he gets sick. He knows this because he has had the cognize and affection from his childhood and has experienced the American dream the same dream George and Lennie want to achieve.I remember when I was a little kid on my old mans chicken ranch. Had two brothers.They was unceasingly near me, always there.Crooks remembers a happy childhood with the companionship of his brothers. He becomes friendly with Lennie because he knows that Lennie wants the dream as much as he does and he also knows that never a god-damn one of em ever gets it because it is unattainable.Curleys wife is another lonely character in Of Mice and Men. She p resents herself as a tart because of the intense loneliness she experiences. She seems to always want to get attention from the other men however this does not happen the way she wants it to because everyone she approaches rejects her. She is treated like a possession by Curley and is not expect to have her own personality.Although the other people on the ranch do notice her, they do not communicate with her for fear of Curleys anger. It is grim that she cannot communicate with the men and that there are no women on the ranch for her to befriend. She is vulnerable and a miserable, immature women who is desperate for love and companionship. The reason why she is so miserable is that she did not have enough confidence to trust her mother. She was brought up in the atmosphere of violence and this is what has made her personality, which is an extrovert, who seeks attention from others but truly inside from the heart she is quite pleasant woman whose personality was not yet discovered by the men on the ranch until she was dead.Curleys wife wears her fingernails red and she has a little bouquet of ostrich feathers in the insteps of her mules. Not only this but she also provokes attention by thrusting her body forward in the doorway when George and Lennie are introduced. Her across-the-board rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up shows that she is always seeking attention, and is very flirtatious. The way she moved, so that her body was thrown forward shows she is provocative even with strangers, such as George and Lennie.At first she is pictured as a tart because she is described as a miss who had full, rouged lips and her fingernails were red this suggests that she is presented as a tart as red is symbolic for danger and passion but a the novel develops we begin to understand why she behaves in a flirty way. We are able to see what she is really like inside and if she had more confidence and trust in her then maybe she could have been a different per son. She coulda been in the movies, an had straightlaced clothes. all of them nice clothes to wear and she coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pitchers taken of herself. However, her dream could not have been achieved because the man who promised her all this never wrote back. She wants to belabor her loneliness by being in the movies and wants to have some friends to befriend.Curleys wife is lonely because of her actions. They have led to her being lonely and desperate for affection and comradeship. She has a different image to how the men observe her. She wants recognition by others to show them that she is not a tart and she can be a friendly person. She shows her vulnerability and humanity by considering Lennie by trying to tell him how she feels. Curleys wife tells Lennie her secret because she knows that Lennie will not say anything and even though he does not understand what she is trying to say, he is able to just listen to what she says.Candy is totally opposite to Cur leys wife as she is an extrovert and he is an introvert. Candy is lonely not only because he has lost his dog but his dream has also been burst. Candy was very proud of his dog and it is a chagrin that they were parted as together, their companionship was strong. Candy said you wouldnt count it to look at him now, but he was the best damn sheep dog I ever seen because he loved his dog and it was the only thing that stopped him from being lonely he was very compassionate about his dog. When Carlson assumes that Candy can soon get another pet, Candy is being pressurised by him and has to give the dog up. If you love someone so much then you will let them go because you would want to do the right thing for them rather than being selfish and choosing what is right for you.Candys dream is to be with George and Lennie and own a ranch. He announces to Curleys wife that they are going to have a house of their own. Curleys wife appreciates this and makes him angry but he controls his temp er and orders her to leave, telling her that she is not wanted. Candy gains confidence and courage to tell her what people think of her. Candys eagerness shows that the dream is actually becoming a pragmatism to him.I aint much good but I could cook, tend the chickens and hoe the garden.He is willing to help around the farm and to buy the ranch because he is desperate for his dream to become a reality and wants companionship. He knows that he is an old man almost useless because of his age and a broken hand yet he is willing to chip in everything he has just for his dream to come true. Candy is easy to have a dog for companionship because he and his dog are the surrounding(prenominal) thing on a ranch to George and Lennies relationship. His dog was a good sheep dog when he was younger. He stood his broom against the wall. He is lucky because the other characters do not have anything to love or trust. He felt that he should have shot the dog himself. Candy is angry with Curleys w ife because he knows that she has destroyed their dream. But after he realises that she was in pain, was sad and looking for companionship. Now Candy spoke in his greatest fear, tells us that he was terrified that his dream had been shattered.Candy tries to overcome loneliness by shutting everyone out and is left to grieve in his own world. The silence indicates pain and loneliness. When his dog was shot, Candy rolled tardily over and faced the wall and lay silent because there was emphasis built up in the atmosphere and Candy was brainsick because of the outlet of his dog. Candy curls up into a foetal position. His spirits are lift when he is part of the dream but then again it is shattered when Curleys wife dies. He forms a barrier and shields himself from the outside world. He experiences anxiety and does not want to talk to anyone because he is too upset and he finds it difficult to talk to them about his problems.Curley is also lonely but does not realise it. His lonelines s has affected his character. He is very aggressive and feels master copy to the other men, especially those who are larger than him. This suggests that he wants to have power over everyone else. His aggression shows his character suggests that he is very mulct tempered an Curleys handy, god-damn handy as he got in the finals for the halcyon Gloves. Curley has no trust in anyone not even in his wife as he spends half his time lookin for her.He treats her like a possession and even though he has only married her for a week, he is always looking for her. He is an extrovert who is insecure. He seeks comfort by beating up people. When the men on the ranch attain to attack him, he feels threatened by it and has to prove that he is superior to everyone else. He does this by attacking Lennie and lashing out on him even though Lennie has not done anything to him. He says come on, ya big dirt because he wants Lennie to feel how he feels and wants to beat him up because he is larger tha n him.Curley does not know that he is lonely he thinks that everyone has a subvert status than him so he can boss them around. His dream is to have power over everyone else and wants to get respect from them. His dream has already been achieved.In Of Mice and Men Steinbeck shows us that those who have no understanding of relationship are totally unaware of Georges and Slims emotions because they have no friendships themselves. Carlsons final observations are insensitive and show that he is vile of his own loneliness. Neither he nor Curley understands the pain George is experiencing. George and Lennie manage to avert loneliness by their relationship. Steinbeck sees loneliness as a part of the human condition, something we are born with, and something we either fight or endure for the rest of our lives.I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an on the ranches with their bindleson their back an that same damn thing on their heads. Hundreds of them. They come,an they quit an go on an every dam one of ems got a little piece of land in his head.An never a god-damn one of em ever gets it.Steinbeck suggests that everyone has a dream even though it is unattainable it keeps their spirits up and makes them look forward to achieving, something that is inspiring and to keep their hopes up.